Salivary Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients: Towards a Wide-Scale Test for Monitoring Disease Activity

The ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which impairs the functionality several organs, represents a major threat to human health. One hardest challenges in fight against COVID-19 is development wide-scale, effective, and rapid laboratory tests control severity, progression, possible sudden worsening. Monitoring patients real-time highly demanded this pandemic era when physicians need reliable quantitative tools prioritize patients’ access intensive care departments. In regard, salivary biomarkers are extremely promising, as they allow for fast non-invasive collection specimens can be repeated multiple times. Methods: We compare levels immunoglobulin A subclasses (IgA1 IgA2) free light chains (kFLC λFLC) cohort 29 SARS-CoV-2 21 healthy subjects. Results: found that each biomarker differs significantly between two groups, with p-values ranging from 10−8 10−4. Receiving Operator Curve analysis shows λFLC level best-suited candidate discriminate groups (AUC = 0.96), an accuracy 0.94 (0.87–1.00 95% CI), precision 0.91 (0.81–1.00 sensitivity 1.00 (0.96–1.00 specificity 0.86 (0.70–1.00 CI). Conclusion: These results suggest ideal indicator patient conditions. This hypothesis strengthened by consideration half-life (approximately 6 h) shorter than IgA one (21 days), thus confirming potential effectively monitoring fluctuation real-time.